What is the surgical management of choice for hyperparathyroidism caused by parathyroid adenoma?

The surgical management of choice for hyperparathyroidism caused by a parathyroid adenoma is parathyroidectomy. This procedure involves the surgical removal of the affected parathyroid gland, which is typically overactive in patients with a parathyroid adenoma. The primary goal of parathyroidectomy is to alleviate the symptoms associated with hyperparathyroidism and to correct abnormalities such as hypercalcemia, which can lead to complications like kidney stones, osteoporosis, and neuromuscular symptoms.

The effectiveness of parathyroidectomy in addressing the underlying cause of primary hyperparathyroidism—specifically caused by a parathyroid adenoma—is well-established. It results in resolution of the hypercalcemia and correction of metabolic imbalances by restoring normal parathyroid hormone production. In most cases, when a single adenoma is identified, minimally invasive techniques can also be employed, leading to faster recovery times and less postoperative discomfort.

Other surgical options, such as thyroidectomy or adrenalectomy, are not indicated in this context, as they address different conditions entirely: thyroidectomy involves the removal of thyroid tissue often in cases of thyroid cancer or hyperthyroidism, while adrenalectomy addresses adrenal gland disorders. Cholecystectomy is performed for gallbl