What is the primary indication for performing a laparoscopic fundoplication?

Laparoscopic fundoplication is primarily indicated for the treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD occurs when acid from the stomach flows back into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing. When conservative treatments like lifestyle modifications and medications (e.g., proton pump inhibitors) do not adequately control symptoms, surgical intervention may be necessary.

During laparoscopic fundoplication, the surgeon wraps the top portion of the stomach (the fundus) around the lower esophagus to create a barrier to reflux. This procedure effectively addresses the underlying mechanism of the disease by increasing the pressure at the lower esophageal sphincter and preventing acid reflux, thus alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life in patients with significant GERD.

In contrast, while severe obesity, peptic ulcer disease, and gastroparesis may require surgical interventions, they are not the primary indications for laparoscopic fundoplication. Each of these conditions has its specific treatment protocols that differ from the surgical management approach used for GERD.