What is the most common indication for performing a splenectomy?

The most common indication for performing a splenectomy is trauma. In situations where there is significant abdominal injury, especially with hemorrhage, the spleen can become lacerated or ruptured, leading to life-threatening internal bleeding. A splenectomy is often necessary to control this bleeding and prevent further complications.

While hypersplenism, leukemia, and thrombocytopenic purpura may also warrant splenectomy, they are not as prevalent reasons for performing the surgery in emergency settings compared to traumatic injuries. Trauma-related splenic issues are acute and often demand immediate surgical intervention, making it the leading cause of splenectomy performed in surgical practice.