What is the most appropriate prophylactic intervention post-surgery to reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism?

The most appropriate prophylactic intervention post-surgery to reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism is the use of low-molecular weight heparin. This anticoagulant works by inhibiting factors in the coagulation cascade, specifically factor Xa, which plays a key role in the formation of clots. Post-surgical patients are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to factors such as immobility, vascular injury during surgery, and hypercoagulability related to the surgical procedure itself.

By administering low-molecular weight heparin, a candidate reduces the incidence of clot formation in the venous system, thereby lowering the risk of a thrombus dislodging and traveling to the pulmonary circulation, which could lead to a pulmonary embolism. This intervention is especially critical for patients undergoing high-risk procedures or those with additional risk factors for VTE.

Other interventions like compression stockings, early mobilization, and intravenous fluids can play supportive roles in preventing thromboembolic events, but they do not provide the targeted anticoagulant effect that low-molecular weight heparin offers. While compression stockings enhance venous return and early mobilization encourages lower extremity muscle contractions, their sole use is often insufficient for adequate