What is the definitive treatment for aortic dissection?

The definitive treatment for aortic dissection is surgical repair or endovascular stent therapy. Aortic dissection is a serious condition where there is a tear in the intimal layer of the aorta, leading to the separation of its layers. This can result in life-threatening complications such as rupture, organ ischemia, or death if not treated promptly and appropriately.

Surgical intervention is considered the definitive approach because it directly addresses the structural abnormality of the aorta. In cases of aortic dissection, particularly type A dissections originating in the ascending aorta, immediate surgical repair is often required to restore the integrity of the aorta and prevent further complications. For type B dissections, endovascular stent therapy can be effective in managing the dissection and should be utilized when conservative management is insufficient.

While medications, like antihypertensives, play a crucial role in managing blood pressure and reducing stress on the aorta to prevent disease progression, they do not address the underlying problem of the dissection and are considered adjuncts rather than definitive treatments. Observation and follow-up imaging are also not definitive treatments; these would only be appropriate in stable cases where surgery or intervention is not immediately required. Beta-blockers alone can help lower heart rate