What is the classic presentation of a patient with an adrenal tumor?

The classic presentation of a patient with an adrenal tumor often includes hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis, particularly in the context of an aldosteronoma or adrenal cortical adenoma that secretes excess aldosterone. This hormone increases sodium retention and potassium excretion, leading to elevated blood pressure (hypertension) and low potassium levels (hypokalemia). The resultant metabolic alkalosis occurs as a consequence of the shifts in electrolyte balance and fluid status that accompany these changes.

Patients might present with symptoms related to elevated blood pressure, and hypokalemia can lead to muscle weakness, fatigue, or even cramping. Therefore, the combination of these signs is a hallmark of conditions arising from adrenal tumors that produce excess steroid hormones.

The other presentations listed do not typically align with the classic signs associated with adrenal tumors. Weight gain and fatigue are more indicative of conditions like Cushing's syndrome but do not encapsulate the classic triad associated with an adrenal tumor. Frequent infections and anemia suggest an underlying systemic issue rather than a primary adrenal pathology. Nausea and unexplained weight loss indicate problems more commonly associated with malignancy or other gastrointestinal disorders rather than a straightforward adrenal tumor.