What condition can result from untreated hyperthyroidism?

Thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition that may arise from untreated hyperthyroidism, characterized by an extreme and acute exacerbation of hyperthyroid symptoms. This emergency situation can occur if hyperthyroidism goes unmanaged, particularly in cases of Graves' disease or other forms of excess thyroid hormone production. Symptoms of thyroid storm can include high fever, tachycardia, altered mental status, and gastrointestinal distress, which all stem from the body's response to excessive circulating thyroid hormones.

The condition can lead to severe complications, including heart failure, arrhythmias, and even death if not treated promptly. Management typically involves the use of antithyroid medications, beta-blockers, corticosteroids, and supportive care in a hospital setting. This highlights the urgency of diagnosing and treating hyperthyroidism to prevent such critical situations.

In contrast, the other conditions presented in the options do not directly relate to untreated hyperthyroidism. Myxedema coma is a result of severe hypothyroidism, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder that causes hypothyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism relates to parathyroid gland dysfunction rather than thyroid hormone overproduction.